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This book explores the intellectual world of Francesco Robortello,
one of the most prominent scholars of the Italian Renaissance. From
poetics to rhetoric, philology to history, topics to ethics,
Robortello revolutionised the field of humanities through
innovative interpretations of ancient texts and with a genius that
was architectural in scope. He was highly esteemed by his
contemporaries for his acute wit, but also envied and disparaged
for his many qualities. In comparison with other humanists of his
time such as Carlo Sigonio and Pier Vettori, Robortello had a
deeply philosophical vein, one that made him unique not only to
Italy, but to Europe more generally. Robortello's role in reforming
the humanities makes him a constituent part of the long-fifteenth
century. Robortello's thought, however, unlike that of other
fifteenth-century humanists, sprung from and was thoroughly imbued
with a systematic, Aristotelian spirit without which his philosophy
would never have emerged from the tumultuous years of the
mid-Cinquecento. Francesco Robortello created a system for the
humanities which was unique for his century: a perfect union of
humanism and philosophy. This book represents the first fully
fledged monograph on this adventurous intellectual life.
This book explores the intellectual world of Francesco Robortello,
one of the most prominent scholars of the Italian Renaissance. From
poetics to rhetoric, philology to history, topics to ethics,
Robortello revolutionised the field of humanities through
innovative interpretations of ancient texts and with a genius that
was architectural in scope. He was highly esteemed by his
contemporaries for his acute wit, but also envied and disparaged
for his many qualities. In comparison with other humanists of his
time such as Carlo Sigonio and Pier Vettori, Robortello had a
deeply philosophical vein, one that made him unique not only to
Italy, but to Europe more generally. Robortello's role in reforming
the humanities makes him a constituent part of the long-fifteenth
century. Robortello's thought, however, unlike that of other
fifteenth-century humanists, sprung from and was thoroughly imbued
with a systematic, Aristotelian spirit without which his philosophy
would never have emerged from the tumultuous years of the
mid-Cinquecento. Francesco Robortello created a system for the
humanities which was unique for his century: a perfect union of
humanism and philosophy. This book represents the first fully
fledged monograph on this adventurous intellectual life.
The book identifies to what extent it is possible to speak of a
democratization of knowledge in Renaissance Italy. It establishes
the boundaries of the present investigation within the Aristotelian
tradition, and outlines democratization as a process capable of
assigning power to people. It deals with how the democratization of
knowledge historically is invested equally in ideas from religion
and philosophy, involving the same democratizers, moved by similar
intentions, employing identical techniques of vulgarization and
targeting equivalent communities of recipients.
Offers an extremely bold, far-reaching, and unsuspected thesis in
the history of philosophy: Aristotelianism was a dominant movement
of the British philosophical landscape, especially in the field of
logic, and it had a long survival. British Aristotelian doctrines
were strongly empiricist in nature, both in the theory of knowledge
and in scientific method; this character marked and influenced
further developments in British philosophy at the end of the
century, and eventually gave rise to what we now call British
empiricism, which is represented by philosophers such as John
Locke, George Berkeley and David Hume. Beyond the apparent and
explicit criticism of the old Scholastic and Aristotelian
philosophy, which has been very well recognized by the scholarship
in the twentieth century and which has contributed to the false
notion that early modern philosophy emerged as a reaction to
Aristotelianism, the present research examines the continuity, the
original developments and the impact of Aristotelian doctrines and
terminology in logic and epistemology as the background for the
rise of empiricism.Without the Aristotelian tradition, without its
doctrines, and without its conceptual elaborations, British
empiricism would never have been born. The book emphasizes that
philosophy is not defined only by the 'great names', but also by
minor authors, who determine the intellectual milieu from which the
canonical names emerge. It considers every single published work of
logic between the middle of the sixteenth and the end of the
seventeenth century, being acquainted with a number of surviving
manuscripts and being well-informed about the best existing
scholarship in the field.
Offers an extremely bold, far-reaching, and unsuspected thesis in
the history of philosophy: Aristotelianism was a dominant movement
of the British philosophical landscape, especially in the field of
logic, and it had a long survival. British Aristotelian doctrines
were strongly empiricist in nature, both in the theory of knowledge
and in scientific method; this character marked and influenced
further developments in British philosophy at the end of the
century, and eventually gave rise to what we now call British
empiricism, which is represented by philosophers such as John
Locke, George Berkeley and David Hume. Beyond the apparent and
explicit criticism of the old Scholastic and Aristotelian
philosophy, which has been very well recognized by the scholarship
in the twentieth century and which has contributed to the false
notion that early modern philosophy emerged as a reaction to
Aristotelianism, the present research examines the continuity, the
original developments and the impact of Aristotelian doctrines and
terminology in logic and epistemology as the background for the
rise of empiricism.Without the Aristotelian tradition, without its
doctrines, and without its conceptual elaborations, British
empiricism would never have been born. The book emphasizes that
philosophy is not defined only by the great names, but also by
minor authors, who determine the intellectual milieu from which the
canonical names emerge. It considers every single published work of
logic between the middle of the sixteenth and the end of the
seventeenth century, being acquainted with a number of surviving
manuscripts and being well-informed about the best existing
scholarship in the field. "
The unconscious raises relevant problems in the theory of knowledge
as regards non-conceptual contents and obscure representations. In
the philosophy of mind, it bears on the topic of the unity of
consciousness and the notion of the transcendental Self. It is a
key-topic of logic with respect to the distinction between
determinate-indeterminate judgments and prejudices, and in
aesthetics it appears in connection with the problems of reflective
judgments and of the genius. Finally, it is a relevant issue also
in moral philosophy in defining the irrational aspects of the human
being. The purpose of the present volume is to fill a substantial
gap in Kant research while offering a comprehensive survey of the
topic in different areas of research, such as history of
philosophy, philosophy of mind, aesthetics, moral philosophy, and
anthropology.
Syllogism is a form of logical argument allowing one to deduce a
consistent conclusion based on a pair of premises having a common
term. Although Aristotle was the first to conceive and develop this
way of reasoning, he left open a lot of conceptual space for
further modifications, improvements and systematizations with
regards to his original syllogistic theory. From its creation until
modern times, syllogism has remained a powerful and compelling
device of deduction and argument, used by a variety of figures and
assuming a variety of forms throughout history. The Aftermath of
Syllogism investigates the key developments in the history of this
peculiar pattern of inference, from Avicenna to Hegel. Taking as
its focus the longue duree of development between the Middle Ages
and the nineteenth century, this book looks at the huge reworking
scientific syllogism underwent over the centuries, as some of the
finest philosophical minds brought it to an unprecedented height of
logical sharpness and sophistication. Bringing together a group of
major international experts in the Aristotelian tradition, The
Aftermath of Syllogism provides a detailed, up to date and critical
evaluation of the history of syllogistic deduction.
Syllogism is a form of logical argument allowing one to deduce a
consistent conclusion based on a pair of premises having a common
term. Although Aristotle was the first to conceive and develop this
way of reasoning, he left open a lot of conceptual space for
further modifications, improvements and systematizations with
regards to his original syllogistic theory. From its creation until
modern times, syllogism has remained a powerful and compelling
device of deduction and argument, used by a variety of figures and
assuming a variety of forms throughout history. The Aftermath of
Syllogism investigates the key developments in the history of this
peculiar pattern of inference, from Avicenna to Hegel. Taking as
its focus the longue duree of development between the Middle Ages
and the nineteenth century, this book looks at the huge reworking
scientific syllogism underwent over the centuries, as some of the
finest philosophical minds brought it to an unprecedented height of
logical sharpness and sophistication. Bringing together a group of
major international experts in the Aristotelian tradition, The
Aftermath of Syllogism provides a detailed, up to date and critical
evaluation of the history of syllogistic deduction.
Marco Sgarbi tells a new history of epistemology from the
Renaissance to Newton through the impact of Aristotelian scientific
doctrines on key figures including Galileo Galilei, Thomas Hobbes,
Rene Descartes, John Locke, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz and Isaac
Newton. This history illuminates the debates philosophers had on
deduction, meditation, regressus, syllogism, experiment and
observation, the certainty of mathematics and the foundations of
scientific knowledge. Sgarbi focuses on the Aristotelian education
key philosophers received, providing a concrete historical
framework through which to read epistemological re-definitions,
developments and transformations over three centuries. The Age of
Epistemology further highlights how Aristotelianism itself changed
over time by absorbing doctrines from other philosophical
traditions and generating a variety of interpretations in the
process.
The concept of spontaneity is central to Kant's philosophy, yet
Kant himself never dealt with it explicitly. Instead it was
presented as an insoluble problem concerning human reason. The
ambiguity surrounding his approach to this problem is surprising
when one considers that he was a philosopher who based his
theoretical programme on the critique of the faculties of
knowledge, feeling and desire. However, this ambiguity seems to
have avoided up to now any possible critique. This highly original
book presents the first full-length study of the problem of
spontaneity in Kant. Marco Sgarbi demonstrates that spontaneity is
a crucial concept in relation to every aspect of Kant's thought. He
begins by reconstructing the history of the concept of spontaneity
in the German Enlightenment prior to Kant and goes on to define
knowing, thinking, acting and feeling as spontaneous activities of
the mind that in turn determine Kant's logic, ethics and
aesthetics. Ultimately Sgarbi shows that the notion of spontaneity
is key to understanding both Kant's theoretical and practical
philosophy.
"The concept of spontaneity is central to Kant's philosophy, yet
Kant himself never dealt with it explicitly. Instead it was
presented as an insoluble problem concerning human reason. The
ambiguity surrounding his approach to this problem is surprising
when one considers that he was a philosopher who based his
theoretical programme on the critique of the faculties of
knowledge, feeling and desire. However, this ambiguity seems to
have avoided up to now any possible critique. This highly original
book presents the first full-length study of the problem of
spontaneity in Kant. Marco Sgarbi demonstrates that spontaneity is
a crucial concept in relation to every aspect of Kant's thought. He
begins by reconstructing the history of the concept of spontaneity
in the German Enlightenment prior to Kant and goes on to define
knowing, thinking, acting and feeling as spontaneous activities of
the mind that in turn determine Kant's logic, ethics and
aesthetics. Ultimately Sgarbi shows that the notion of spontaneity
is key to understanding both Kant's theoretical and practical
philosophy."
Nel suo pionieristico lavoro Conditions in Koenigsberg and the
Making of Kant's Philosophy, Giorgio Tonelli lamentava l'assenza di
un'indagine approfondita sul contesto intellettuale di Koenigsberg
e sull'eventuale influenza che esso esercito su alcuni aspetti del
pensiero di Kant. Questo libro vuole colmare questa lacuna
prestando particolare attenzione alla tradizione aristotelica, alla
Schulphilosophie, e alla corrente dell'eclettismo, che dominarono
l'ambiente regiomontano sino all'avvento della filosofia critica
kantiana. Il lavoro mostra come dai fallimenti dei progetti logici
e metafisici precritici, legati alle influenze ricevute
dall'ambiente di Koenigsberg, Kant abbia tratto le idee e gli
spunti per la stesura della Kritik der reinen Vernunft.
Gives accurate and reliable summaries of the current state of
research. It includes entries on philosophers, problems, terms,
historical periods, subjects and the cultural context of
Renaissance Philosophy. Furthermore, it covers Latin, Arabic,
Jewish, Byzantine and vernacular philosophy, and includes entries
on the cross-fertilization of these philosophical traditions. A
unique feature of this encyclopedia is that it does not aim to
define what Renaissance philosophy is, rather simply to cover the
philosophy of the period between 1300 and 1650.
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